@font-face{font-family:ETBook;src:url('vendor/et-book/roman.woff') format('woff');font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:ETBook;src:url('vendor/et-book/bold.woff') format('woff');font-weight:700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:ETBook;src:url('vendor/et-book/italic.woff') format('woff');font-weight:400;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}
:root{color-scheme:light;--paper:#fff;--ink:#151515;--muted:#626262;--rule:#d0d0d0;--strong-rule:#505050;--hover:#f2f2f2;--inverse:#fff;--margin:192px;--gutter:30px;--reading:calc(100% - var(--margin) - var(--gutter));--sans:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI',Arial,sans-serif}
html[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--paper:#101010;--ink:#ededed;--muted:#aaa;--rule:#3f3f3f;--strong-rule:#a5a5a5;--hover:#222;--inverse:#101010}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-padding-top:72px}body{margin:0;color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);font:18.5px/1.43 ETBook,Palatino,'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Georgia,serif;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}a{color:inherit;text-decoration-thickness:1px;text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{text-decoration-thickness:2px}button,input,select{font:inherit;color:inherit}button{cursor:pointer}button,a,input,summary,select{outline-offset:4px}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,summary:focus-visible,select:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--ink)}button{background:none;border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:0;padding:7px 10px;line-height:1.2}button:hover{background:var(--hover)}[hidden]{display:none!important}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-70px;left:12px;z-index:60;background:var(--paper);padding:10px;border:1px solid var(--ink);font:14px/1.4 var(--sans)}.skip-link:focus{top:7px}
.site-header{height:54px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;padding:0 27px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);position:sticky;top:0;z-index:30;background:var(--paper)}.course-name{font:700 24px/1.15 ETBook,Georgia,serif;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.header-actions{display:flex;gap:16px;align-items:center;font:12px/1.3 var(--sans)}.header-actions button,.header-actions a{border:0;padding:8px 0;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;min-height:40px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.header-actions button[aria-pressed=true]{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px}.header-actions button:hover,.header-actions a:hover{background:none;text-decoration:underline}.menu-button{display:none!important}.notes-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:212px minmax(0,1fr);max-width:1500px;margin:0 auto;min-height:calc(100vh - 54px)}.contents-rail{position:sticky;top:54px;height:calc(100vh - 54px);padding:23px 17px 20px 24px;border-right:1px solid var(--rule);overflow-y:auto;font:12px/1.4 var(--sans);scrollbar-width:thin}.rail-label{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 12px}.nav-chapter{margin:0 0 15px}.nav-chapter>.chapter-link{display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:baseline;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;padding:5px 0}.chapter-link .chapter-code{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);font-weight:400;flex:none}.nav-chapter .section-links{display:none;margin:5px 0 0;padding:0 0 0 22px;list-style:none}.nav-chapter.active .section-links,.all-notes .nav-chapter .section-links{display:block}.section-links li{margin:0}.section-links a{display:block;position:relative;text-decoration:none;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted);padding:6px 0}.section-links a:hover,.section-links a[aria-current=location]{color:var(--ink)}.section-links a[aria-current=location]{font-weight:600}.section-links a[aria-current=location]:before{content:'';position:absolute;width:3px;height:12px;left:-12px;top:9px;background:var(--ink)}.rail-other{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:22px;padding-top:15px}.rail-topic{display:block;text-align:left;width:100%;border:0;padding:7px 0;font:12px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.rail-topic:hover{color:var(--ink);background:none;text-decoration:underline}.rail-note{font:10.5px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:9px 0 0}.notes-main{min-width:0;padding:25px 36px 50px;max-width:1260px;width:100%}.document-line{font:12px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding-bottom:10px;margin-bottom:20px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px}.chapter-header{margin:0 0 22px}.chapter-header h1{font-size:36px;font-weight:400;line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.25px;margin:0 0 6px;max-width:var(--reading)}.chapter-header .chapter-source{font:11px/1.45 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin:0}.chapter-header .chapter-source span{display:block;margin-top:3px}.chapter{min-width:0}.chapter+.chapter{margin-top:45px;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--strong-rule)}.chapter-navigation{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-top:26px;padding-top:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font:12px/1.4 var(--sans)}.chapter-navigation a{max-width:48%;text-decoration:none}.chapter-navigation a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.all-notes .chapter-navigation{display:none}.note-section{margin-bottom:24px;min-width:0;scroll-margin-top:74px}.note-section h2{font-size:23px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:0;margin:0 0 11px;max-width:var(--reading)}.section-number{font-size:16px;font-weight:400;margin-right:11px;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}h3{font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.3;margin:16px 0 7px;font-weight:700}p{margin:0 0 11px}strong,b{font-weight:700}em{font-style:italic}.note-section>p,.note-section>h3,.note-section>ul,.note-section>ol,.note-section>table,.note-section>.aside-detail,.note-section>.exercise,.note-section>.teaching-figure,.note-section>.formula,.note-section>.katex-display,.chapter>p,.chapter>dl,.chapter>table,.chapter>.aside-detail{max-width:var(--reading)}.note-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) var(--margin);gap:var(--gutter);margin-bottom:8px;align-items:start}.prose{min-width:0}.prose> :last-child{margin-bottom:0}.sidenote{font:12.5px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);padding-top:3px}.sidenote b{display:block;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:5px}.sidenote p{margin-bottom:9px}.note-section>.sidenote{font:12px/1.5 var(--sans);max-width:var(--reading);margin:8px 0 13px;color:var(--muted)}.source-ref{font:10.5px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}p.source-ref{margin-top:9px}.statement{margin-top:5px}.statement strong{font-style:italic}.derivation{padding-left:22px;margin:8px 0 14px}.derivation li{padding-left:4px;margin:0 0 7px}.derivation li::marker{color:var(--muted);font-size:15px}ul,ol{padding-left:23px;margin:8px 0 14px}li{margin:0 0 6px}.katex{font-size:.97em}.katex-display{text-align:left!important;margin:9px 0 12px;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;max-width:100%;padding:3px 0}.katex-display>.katex{text-align:left}.formula{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%}.prose .katex-display,.sidenote .katex-display{max-width:100%}table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font:14px/1.42 var(--sans);margin:12px 0 14px;border-top:1px solid var(--strong-rule);border-bottom:1px solid var(--strong-rule)}caption{text-align:left;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);padding:0 0 7px}th,td{padding:6px 8px;text-align:right;vertical-align:top}th:first-child,td:first-child{text-align:left}thead{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}th{font-weight:600}tfoot{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-weight:600}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%}.aside-detail,.solution{border:0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding:0;margin:12px 0;background:none;max-width:100%}summary{font:12.5px/1.4 var(--sans);padding:10px 0;cursor:pointer;color:var(--muted);list-style-position:outside;margin-left:15px}summary:hover{color:var(--ink)}details[open]>summary{color:var(--ink);margin-bottom:3px}.aside-detail>p,.solution>p{font-size:17px}.aside-detail>:last-child,.solution>:last-child{margin-bottom:12px}.exercise{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:10px;margin-top:14px}.exercise h3{font-size:17.5px;margin-top:0}.exercise .solution{border:0;margin:2px 0 14px}.exercise .solution summary{padding:6px 0;color:var(--ink)}.exercise .solution .derivation{margin-top:6px}.teaching-figure{margin:14px 0 20px;padding:9px 0 0;border-top:1px solid var(--rule)}figcaption{font:11.5px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.print-figure{display:none}.screen-figure{display:block}.notes-end{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);margin-top:28px;padding-top:12px;max-width:var(--reading);font:11px/1.5 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.print-title,.print-contents{display:none}.drawer-backdrop{display:none}.no-script{font:12px/1.5 var(--sans);padding:7px 20px}.reference-table td:first-child{width:32%;text-align:left}.reference-table td:last-child{text-align:left}.reference-table .katex-display{margin:3px 0}.reference-section{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:18px}.reference-section>p,.reference-section>h2,.reference-section>table{max-width:var(--reading)}.reference-section h2{font-size:23px;margin:0 0 11px}.footnote-text{font-size:15px;color:var(--muted)}dialog{color:var(--ink);background:var(--paper);border:1px solid var(--strong-rule);padding:25px;max-width:660px;width:calc(100% - 32px);max-height:85vh;overflow-y:auto;border-radius:0}dialog::backdrop{background:rgba(0,0,0,.45)}.dialog-close{float:right;font:12px var(--sans);min-height:40px;border:0}.topic-plan h2{font-size:27px;font-weight:400;margin:6px 0 14px}.topic-plan p{font-size:17px}.topic-plan ul{font:13px/1.7 var(--sans);padding-left:20px}.topic-plan .plan-meta{font:11px var(--sans);color:var(--muted);margin-top:7px}.noscript-notes .chapter[hidden]{display:block!important}
@media(min-width:1450px){:root{--margin:210px;--gutter:38px}.notes-main{padding:29px 52px 55px}.contents-rail{padding-left:30px}}
@media(max-width:1130px){:root{--margin:165px;--gutter:23px}.notes-layout{grid-template-columns:180px minmax(0,1fr)}.contents-rail{padding-left:17px;padding-right:12px;font-size:11.5px}.notes-main{padding:22px 27px 45px}.chapter-header h1{font-size:33px}.note-section h2{font-size:22px}}
@media(max-width:960px){:root{--reading:100%}.note-row{display:block;margin-bottom:10px}.sidenote{padding:4px 0 7px;margin:3px 0 8px;font-size:12px;max-width:70ch}.sidenote b{display:inline;margin-right:8px}.sidenote p{display:inline;margin:0}.sidenote p+p:before{content:' ';white-space:pre}.sidenote:before{content:'Note. ';font-style:italic;color:var(--muted)}.sidenote .katex{font-size:1em}.prose .katex-display{max-width:100%}.document-line{display:block}.document-line span+span{margin-left:10px}}
@media(max-width:720px){body{font-size:18px;line-height:1.44}.site-header{height:52px;padding:0 15px;gap:15px}.course-name{font-size:22px;white-space:normal;max-width:58%;line-height:1.05}.header-actions{gap:14px;font-size:11.5px}.header-actions #all-notes,.header-actions .pdf-link,.header-actions #print-notes{display:none}.menu-button{display:inline-flex!important}.notes-layout{display:block}.contents-rail{position:fixed;left:0;top:52px;bottom:0;width:290px;max-width:85vw;height:calc(100dvh - 52px);z-index:45;background:var(--paper);padding:19px 23px;border-right:1px solid var(--strong-rule);visibility:hidden;transform:translateX(-100%);font-size:13px}.menu-open .contents-rail{visibility:visible;transform:translateX(0)}.rail-label{font-size:12px}.section-links a{padding:10px 0;font-size:12.5px}.section-links a[aria-current=location]:before{top:13px}.nav-chapter>.chapter-link{padding:10px 0;font-size:13px}.menu-open .drawer-backdrop{display:block;position:fixed;inset:52px 0 0;z-index:40;background:rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.rail-topic{padding:11px 0;font-size:12px}.rail-note{font-size:11.5px}.notes-main{padding:18px 16px 32px}.document-line{font-size:11px;margin-bottom:17px;padding-bottom:9px}.document-line .attribution{display:block;margin:4px 0 0}.chapter-header{margin-bottom:19px}.chapter-header h1{font-size:32px;line-height:1.15}.chapter-header .chapter-source{font-size:10.5px}.note-section{margin-bottom:23px}.note-section h2{font-size:22px;line-height:1.22;margin-bottom:10px}.section-number{font-size:15px;margin-right:8px}.sidenote{font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.sidenote b{font-size:11.5px}.derivation{padding-left:20px}.derivation li{padding-left:2px;margin-bottom:8px}.source-ref{font-size:10px}.katex{font-size:.96em}.katex-display{margin:10px 0;padding:4px 0;font-size:.93em}table{font-size:12px}th,td{padding:6px 5px}.teaching-figure{margin:12px 0 19px}figcaption{font-size:11.5px}.mobile-tools{display:flex!important;gap:15px;margin-top:15px;border-top:1px solid var(--rule);padding-top:12px;font:12px var(--sans)}.mobile-tools button,.mobile-tools a{border:0;padding:8px 0;text-decoration:underline;min-height:40px}.chapter-navigation{font-size:11.5px;margin-top:20px}.notes-end{font-size:11px}.reference-table{font-size:12px}.reference-table td{padding:7px 5px}dialog{padding:20px}.topic-plan ul{font-size:12px}}
@media(max-width:600px){.reference-table thead{display:none}.reference-table tbody{display:block}.reference-table tr{display:block;padding:6px 0 8px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule)}.reference-table tr:last-child{border-bottom:0}.reference-table td{display:block;width:100%!important;text-align:left;padding:2px 0}.reference-table td:first-child{font:11.5px/1.4 var(--sans);color:var(--muted)}.reference-table td:last-child{font:16px/1.4 ETBook,Georgia,serif}.reference-table td small{font:11px/1.5 var(--sans)}}
@media(max-width:360px){.site-header{padding:0 12px}.course-name{font-size:20px}.header-actions{gap:10px}.notes-main{padding:16px 13px 30px}.chapter-header h1{font-size:29px}.note-section h2{font-size:21px}}
.mobile-tools{display:none}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{scroll-behavior:auto!important;transition:none!important}}
@page{size:A4;margin:16mm 18mm 18mm}
@media print{
:root,html[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:light;--paper:#fff;--ink:#000;--muted:#555;--rule:#bbb;--strong-rule:#000;--reading:100%;--margin:0;--gutter:0}
html{scroll-padding:0;--paper:#fff;--ink:#000;--muted:#444;--rule:#bbb;--strong-rule:#000}body{background:white!important;color:black!important;font:11pt/1.36 ETBook,Palatino,Georgia,serif;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;print-color-adjust:exact}.site-header,.contents-rail,.document-line,.chapter-navigation,.notes-end,.drawer-backdrop,.mobile-tools,.skip-link,.no-script,dialog,button,input,.screen-figure{display:none!important}.notes-layout{display:block;max-width:none}.notes-main{padding:0;max-width:none}.chapter[hidden],.chapter{display:block!important}.print-title{display:block;border-bottom:1px solid black;padding-bottom:8pt;margin-bottom:12pt}.print-title h1{font-size:24pt;font-weight:400;margin:0 0 5pt}.print-title p{font:9pt/1.4 var(--sans);margin:0}.print-contents{display:block;margin-bottom:16pt}.print-contents p{margin:0;font:9pt/1.6 var(--sans)}.chapter+.chapter{margin:20pt 0 0;padding-top:14pt;border-top:1px solid black;break-before:auto}.chapter-header{margin:0 0 14pt;break-inside:avoid;break-after:avoid}.chapter-header h1{font-size:22pt;max-width:none}.chapter-header .chapter-source{font-size:8pt}.note-section{margin-bottom:14pt;scroll-margin:0}.note-section h2{font-size:15pt;margin:0 0 7pt;max-width:none;break-after:avoid}.section-number{font-size:11pt;margin-right:8pt}h3{font-size:11.5pt;margin:10pt 0 4pt;break-after:avoid}p{margin:0 0 7pt;orphans:3;widows:3}.note-row{display:block;margin:0}.sidenote{display:block;font:8.5pt/1.4 var(--sans);padding:1pt 0 6pt;margin:0 0 5pt;color:#444;max-width:none}.sidenote b{display:inline;margin-right:6pt;font-size:8.5pt}.sidenote p{display:inline;margin:0}.sidenote:before{content:'Note. ';font-style:italic}.sidenote p+p:before{content:' ';white-space:pre}.note-section>.sidenote{font-size:8.5pt;margin:4pt 0 7pt}.source-ref{font-size:7.5pt}.note-section>p,.note-section>h3,.note-section>ol,.note-section>ul,.note-section>table,.note-section>.exercise,.note-section>.aside-detail,.note-section>.teaching-figure,.note-section>.katex-display,.chapter>p,.chapter>table{max-width:none}.derivation{padding-left:16pt;margin:5pt 0 8pt}.derivation li{padding-left:3pt;margin-bottom:5pt;break-inside:avoid}.derivation li::marker{font-size:9pt}.katex-display{overflow:visible;margin:6pt 0 8pt;padding:2pt 0;font-size:.9em;break-inside:avoid}.katex{font-size:.96em}.formula{overflow:visible}.aside-detail,.solution{border:0;margin:6pt 0 8pt;padding:0}.aside-detail>summary,.solution>summary{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 4pt;font:8.5pt/1.4 var(--sans);color:#444;break-after:avoid}.aside-detail>summary::marker,.solution>summary::marker{content:''}.aside-detail>p,.solution>p{font-size:11pt}.exercise{padding-top:7pt;margin-top:10pt}.exercise h3{font-size:11.5pt;margin:0 0 5pt}.exercise .solution{margin:4pt 0 8pt}.exercise .solution summary{padding:0 0 4pt}.print-figure{display:block}.teaching-figure{margin:10pt 0 12pt;padding-top:7pt;break-inside:avoid}.teaching-figure table{margin:0 0 6pt}.teaching-figure p{font-size:10pt}.teaching-figure .katex-display{font-size:.85em}table{font:8.5pt/1.4 var(--sans);margin:8pt 0 10pt;border-top:1px solid black;border-bottom:1px solid black;break-inside:avoid}th,td{padding:4pt 5pt}caption,figcaption{font:8pt/1.4 var(--sans);color:#444}figcaption{margin-top:5pt}a{color:black!important;text-decoration:none}summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.reference-section{break-before:page;padding-top:0;border:0;margin-top:18pt}.reference-section h2{font-size:18pt;margin-bottom:10pt}.reference-table{font-size:9pt}.reference-table td{padding:7pt 4pt}.reference-table .katex-display{font-size:.88em}.table-scroll{overflow:visible}.footnote-text{font-size:9pt}
}
