WC 2026 · Forecasting Oxford Football Forecasting

England is the clear favourite, winning Group L64% of the time. England (98%) and Croatia (90%) are the likeliest to advance; Ghana carries the group's best third-place qualification hope (21%).

  • England UEFA
    98% adv 6.7 pts
    win64% 2nd28% 3rd-q5% GD+4.0
  • Croatia UEFA
    90% adv 5.3 pts
    win30% 2nd48% 3rd-q12% GD+1.9
  • Ghana CAF
    36% adv 2.3 pts
    win3% 2nd12% 3rd-q21% GD−2.8
  • Panama CONCACAF
    35% adv 2.3 pts
    win3% 2nd12% 3rd-q20% GD−3.1

Fig. V4 100k sims · official tiebreakers · row sums to 100%

Group L — simulated finishing positions

🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿 England England — finish 1st: 64.2% 64% England — finish 2nd: 28.0% 28% England — finish 3rd: 6.4% 6% England — finish 4th: 1.4% 1% 🇭🇷 Croatia Croatia — finish 1st: 30.2% 30% Croatia — finish 2nd: 48.0% 48% Croatia — finish 3rd: 16.4% 16% Croatia — finish 4th: 5.5% 5% 🇬🇭 Ghana Ghana — finish 1st: 2.9% 3% Ghana — finish 2nd: 12.3% 12% Ghana — finish 3rd: 38.8% 39% Ghana — finish 4th: 46.0% 46% 🇵🇦 Panama Panama — finish 1st: 2.7% 3% Panama — finish 2nd: 11.7% 12% Panama — finish 3rd: 38.4% 38% Panama — finish 4th: 47.1% 47%

Top two qualify automatically (left of the line). Third place advances only as one of the eight best third-placed teams across the twelve groups.

England owns first place (64%); below the top two the third- and fourth-place mass is where qualification is really decided.

Source · Oxford Football Forecasting model
Reading the matrix and the heatmap

Both the advancement matrix and this heatmap are tallied from the same locked 100,000-tournament simulation that produces the forecast. Each row of the heatmap sums to 100% (a team finishes somewhere); each column sums to 100% across the four teams (exactly one team takes each position). The dashed line sits between 2nd and 3rd: the top two qualify automatically, while third place advances only if it ranks among the eight best third-placed teams across the twelve groups — which is why a team's P(advance) exceeds its P(top-two) by its best-third qualification chance.